Cylinder construction for internal combustion engines



y 1941- A. HOUMOLLER 2,250,378

CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb. 10;1939 Q I 9 I I I 3 I a j Il -6 5'3"5 I 'l 49 I 6 i 5 I' VA I 3 E I I 4 lI II I I I I T -I '"O l I F/ z. I 'I I Patented July 22, 1941 CYLINDERCONSTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINES Adolf Houmoller,Charlotteulund,.near Copenhagen, Denmark Application February '10, 1939,Serial No. 255,744 In Denmark December 17, 1938 6 Claims. (01. 123-173)Diesel engines are known having the cylinder bipartite in such a mannerthat the two cylinder liners produced by the division rest direct one onthe other, being held together by the pressure of long stay bolts. Thisdesign suffers from the drawback that the elongation of the topmostportion of the cylinder liner arising from the heat per flange afllxedto a cylinder frame resting'on expansion must be taken up by the'staybolts,

this necessitating a suitable long length or a special construction ofthe latter. By the construction described furthermore the influence onthe cylinder cover is increased.-

This present invention relates to a multipar tite, especially bipartitecylinder construction, which according to the invention is built in thatspecial manner that theupper cylinder liner is freely suspended, that issuspended at or in the vicinity of its topmost end, so that it mayexpand freely in a dowriwardly direction. It is hereby obtained that theassembly bolts of the machine need not take up any strain deriving fromthe heat expansion of the said portion of the cylinder liner.

It is per se knownto build engines'having a freely suspended cylinderliner, but the latter is not, in such case multipartite, and willtherefore have free heat expansion in a downwardly direction. cially toensure for the topmost portion of a, bipartite cylinder liner a similarfreedom for expansion in a downwardly direction, but the principle ofthe invention may be adapted also to This present invention purportsespe-' cylinder liners divided into three or more parts disposed oneabove the other. cylinder liner is in such case arranged in such amanner that not only the uppermost portion is suspended at the top andensured free heat expansion downwardly, but the liner parts lyingfurther downwardly are mounted in a similar manner in that each of thetwo or more cylinder liners constituting the cylinder are suspendedseparately in different parts of the machines frame construction, and insuch a manner that all the liner parts may expand freely in a downwardlydirection during the heatexpansion. I

The cylinder construction is in practice preferably built so that thecylinder liner is divided into two parts and insuch a manner that thelower cylinder liner will be suspended in thema chine's relatively lowframes, or in a scavenging air belt carried by the frames. Thisscavenging air belt generally takes the form of a horizontal throughgirder in the machine. The up- The multipartite the cover, which in turnis suspended by an upthe frames, or on the scavenging air beltresting onthe frames. It is hereby obtained that the cylinder framemay beassembled with the scavenging air belt, or possibly direct with thelower frame by means oi relatively short bolts, so that the uppercylinder liner may be removed separately, the lower liner remaining inthe machine and forming a guide for ;the pi ston. The piston may, whenthe top portionof the machine and the upper liner have been removed, beinspected, repaired or if so desired removed in an easy manner. The saidrelatively short assembly bolts need not take up any strain derivingfrom the heat expansion of the upper cylinder. liner or from thecylinder as such, but will only have to take up the gas pressure.

In order to ensure the correct relative positions of the two cylinderliners, the lower portion or bottom edge of the upper cylinder, liner isnormally guided in a recess in the top of the lower liner, the recesshaving so much clearance that the upper liner will never rest on thelower liner; hence the heat expansion will not be obstructed.

A similar guiding may also be used if the cylintion line IIII of Figure1.

In the constructional form for the invention as shown on the drawing thecylinder is bipartite.

'The upper cylinder liner l is by means of the flange 2 suspended in acover 3 with a suitable outwardly projecting flange 8, and by assemblybolts not shown. I The cover 3 has an outwardly.

projecting flange 9 at the top, and is by means of bolts (not shown)screwed on to an inwardly projecting upper flange l0 on a cylinder frame4, whichatthe bottom rests on a scavenging air belt 5. From a blowerscavenging air is admitted into the scavenging air belt through a pipingI! which may be common to several cylinders. The air enters thescavenging air belt through an opening Ill. The scavenging air belt 5forms generally a horizontal, longitudinaly extending girder in themachine, and is carried by the frames 1 which form the bottom part ofthe machine's frame construction, or which may possibly at the bottomrest on a bed frame. The

parts-5 and 1 are assembled bymeans of stay tion of the lower cylinderliner ii.

bolts IS. The cylinder frame 4 is, as shown by thedrawing, assembledwith thescavenging air belt 5 by means of comparatively short assemblybolts i I. When the bolts tightening nuts I2 are removed, thepiston-which, for the sake of distinctness, is not shown on thedrawing-may, following the removal of the top portion of the machine andthe upper cylinder liner i. be inspected in an easy manner, and forinstance fitted with new rings, the lower liner 6 remaining in themachine and forming a guide for the piston.

The lower liner 6- in which are the scavenging air ports i9 is at itstop end suspended in a scavenging air belt 5, for instance as shown onthe drawing, resting with a fiange i3 on an inwardly directed flange itat the top of the scavenging air belt.

In order to ensure the mutual guiding of the two cylinders liners i andii, and at the same time provide space for the heat expansion of theupper liner i, the lower portion or edge of the latter is guided in arecess i i in the top por- The recess ii is of such depth that the upperliner i may expand freely due to heat, without treading on the bottom ofthe recess. If desired an outward the lower portion of the liner i, sothat a suitable resilient packing may be inserted'between the saidprojection and the flange I? on the lower liner 6.

The cylinder construction as a whole is built so as to ensure that boththe upper and the lower cylinder liners may have free heat expansion ina downwardly direction, and it will be seen from the drawing further,that the lower cylinder liner it may be constructed with a removableskirting.

The invention is not confined to a bipartite cylinder construction,seeing that the cylinder liner may be divided into more than two parts,each of which are arranged so as to be suspended separately'at or in thevicinity of the top end, and each being carried separately by themachine's outer frame construction, and in such a manner that the partsconstituting the cylinder lining will all have free heat expansion in adownwardly direction.

If so desired, the upper cylinder liner i may, instead of beingsuspended in the cover 3 as shown in thedrawing, be suspended in such amanner that it rests on th upper side of the cylinder frame 6 with anoutwardly projecting flange, in a manner similar to that in which theliner ii with the flange l3 rests on the upper side of the scavengingair belt 5. If the upper having free heat expansion downwardly, and thelower liner part placed below the said upper liner part being likewisecarried at its top in the outer frame construction of the engine andhaving free heat expansion downwardly.

2. A cylinder construction for single-acting internal combustion enginescomprising an outer frame construction and a cylinder liner and a cover,said liner being divided into upper and lower parts, and upper linerpart beingcarried at its top in the outer frame construction of theengine, preferably by means of the cover, and having free heat expansiondownwardly. and the upper liner part being guided with its lower part ina recess in th top of the lower liner part placed below the said upperliner part, and said recess being so deep that free heat expansiondownwardly of the former liner part is secured by means of the recess. I

3. A cylinder construction for single-acting internal combustion enginescomprising an outer frame construction provided with a scavenging airbelt and a cylinder liner, said liner being divided into upper and lowerparts, the upper liner part being carried at its top in the outer frameconstruction of the engine, and having free heat expansion downwardly,and the lower liner part being carried at its top in the scavenging airbelt of th frame construction and having free heat expansion downwardly,

i. A cylinder construction for single-acting internal combustion enginescomprising an outer frame construction provided with a scavenging airbelt a cylinder liner and a cover, said liner being divided into upperand lower parts, the upper liner part being suspended from the cover ofthe cylinder construction, the said cover being carried by said cylinderframe resting, on said liner is arranged so as to rest on the top edgeof the cylinder frame 4 with an outwardly projecting flange, then thecylinder frame 4 must be shaped in such a manner that the-cover can beaffixed at the top of the cylinder frame. This may possibly be effectedby using only one series of assembly bolts, which-at the same timeensure tightness between the cover and the'upper cylinder liner, servingfurther to secure the cover to the cylinder frame.

I claim:

1. A cylinder construction for single-acting internal combustion enginescomprising an outer frame construction and a cylinder liner, said linerbeing divided into upper and lower parts, the upper liner part beingcarried at its top in the outer frame construction of the engine andscavenging air belt of the frame construction, the lower liner partbeing carried at its top in the said scavenging air belt, and havingfree heat expansion downwardly. and the upper liner part being guidedwith its lower part in a recess in the top of the'lower liner partplaced below the said upper liner part, the said recess being so deepthat free heat expansion downwardly of the upper liner part is securedby means of the recess.

5. A cylinder construction for single-acting internal combustionengines, comprising an outer frame construction'and a cylinder liner,the said liner being divided into an upper liner part and a plurality oflower liner parts, said upper liner part being carried at its top in theouter frame construction of the engine and having free heat expansiondownwardly, the liner part placed below the said upper liner part beinglikewise carried at itstop in the outer frame construction of the engineand having free heat expansion downwardly, and the upper liner partbeing guided with its lower part in a recess in the top of the saidlower liner part placed below the said upper liner part, the said recessbeing so deep that free heat expansion downwardly of the upper linerpart is secured by means of the recess.

6. A cylinder construction for single-acting internal combustionengines, comprising an outer frame construction and a cylinder liner,said liner being divided into a plurality of liner parts each part beingcarried at its respective top by the outer frame construction of theengine and having free heat expansion downwardly.

ADOLF HOUMOLLER.

